Hi again,
Thanks for all your suggestions. After trying again and again without any success, I moved my Philips Hue Bridge into the same room as the Homey Pro 2023. After I did that, everything started working.
I was under the impression that they would be able to find each other over the network, since they were both connected with ethernet cable. However, it seems they use some other protocol when pairing, and thus moving them closer to each other did the trick, at least for me.
Thanks again for all your help guys. I will leave this here for the future if someone should end up in the same situation as me.