Messages that appear in the console for run, ‘might’ appear in the crash dump if you tap the Create Diagnostics Report in the app settings page. Those dumps will be available in your developers area by clicking on the Crashes number and then click on show stack trace.
I say ‘might’ because I often find the stack trace is empty for manually submitted reports.
If you are using homey-log then you can also write things out to Sentry.
If you look at some of my apps then you can see how I written a function to save the messages and display them in my log page.
Edit:
If you are trying to track this down on your own Homey then you can put:
require('inspector').open(9222, '0.0.0.0', false)
at the start of you app.js file then you can connect a debugger to the app at any time.
See Debug app code
